Birdhouse Camera System

Birdhouse Camera System - Camera Node

Overview:

This repository contains the firmware, PCB design files, and 3D models for the ESP32-based camera nodes used in the Birdhouse Camera System. The goal of this project is to create a low-cost, modular, and reliable solution for observing bird activity inside multiple birdhouses. Each camera node is built around the ESP32-CAM module. A key focus of this design is reliability and scalability. Instead of relying on WiFi, which can be unstable over longer distances or across multiple installations, the nodes use a wired Ethernet connection via the W5500 Lite module. The hardware has been intentionally designed with accessibility in mind, using mostly through-hole components to make assembly easier for beginners and hobbyists.
Special thanks to NextPCB for supplying me with the printed circuit boards for this project! They offer great production services for your electronic needs! More on that in the blog:

Server Repository
Instructables Guide

Key Features:

• Motion Detection
  The system captures images only when activity is detected and transmits them to a central server.
• Built-in IR Illumination
  Night vision for observing bird activity without disturbing the animals.
• Ethernet Communication
  Ensures consistent data transmission even in more challenging environments such as gardens or outdoor installations with multiple birdhouses.
• Over-the-Air Firmware Updates
  Allowing deployed devices to be updated without physical access.
• Low Power Operation
  Minimizing power consumption with heavy use of deep sleep while ensuring that relevant events are recorded.
• Temperature Sensor
  Monitor the temperature inside of the birdhouse (due to a pin conflict not working at the moment).

Repository Contents:

• /cad - 3D printable enclosure models
• /img - Images of the system
• /pcb – KiCad project and Gerber files
• /src – Arduino sketch for the ESP32-CAM

Materials

Schematic & PCB

Schematic of the Amsel Camera Node PCB Render of the Front Finished Camera Node PCB

Programming

Programmed with the ArduinoIDE and ESP32 board manager. Install the following libraries:

• EthernetESP32
• ArduinoJSON
• DallasTemperature

Uploading:

Board: AI Thinker ESP32-CAM
Settings:

CPU Frequency: "240MHz (WiFi/BT)"
Core Debug Level: "None"
Erase All Flash Before Sketch Upload: "Disabled"
Flash Frequency: "80MHz"
Flash Mode: "QIO"
Partition Scheme: "Minimal SPIFFS (1.9MB APP with OTA/128KB SPIFFS)"

Programmer: "Esptool"

Flashing via the ESP32-CAM programming board. Press the flash button when powering up the device.
OTA:
A new firmware can be flashed using the web page by uploading the correct .bin file or by using the following command:

curl -F "update=@<file name>.bin" "http://<esp ip>/update"

3D Printing

3D Printed Housing Installed Camera Node

Customization & Updates

The beginner friendly PCB is intended to be an easy start for everyone into bird observation. In the future I am planning to add smaller more complex designs that can be used in space-restricted areas. As well as adding crucial changes to the system like Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) and various environmental sensors. The system is open to customizations. I am looking forward to your ideas and improvements!